Chernobyl
Repurchase echoed entire counties and provinces. For three centuries, vodka, and with it a tavern, are firmly rooted in Russia. "Around 1552 all Muscovy, in the whole Russian land was only one tavern, standing at the Baltschug. At the end of the xvii century in each city was one yard. In the xix century taverns spread through the villages and countryside. In 1852, public houses – 77,838 in 1859 – 87 388 and, finally, after 1863 their number increased by about six times, passed over half a million. " So gradually we have upgraded at the gene level. By the beginning of xx century in Russia formed a dangerous style of drinking, when alcohol is consumed almost exclusively by a strong drinks, one-time shock doses (gulp).
The prevailing style of consumption of vodka in one gulp and did even infrequent consumption is very dangerous. Gorbachev in 1985-1987. tried hard to reduce the restrictive measures production and consumption of alcohol in the country. On the one hand, were initially obtained very positive results. Alcohol consumption decreased to 11.5 liters per person per year. For the first time in many years mortality was decline and life expectancy – to grow. By 1987, life expectancy for men increased by 3.2 years.
At the same time revealed a horrifying picture of an almost biological need for a large part of the nation in Alcohol: all over the country people are literally dushilis in huge queues had become a deficit of vodka, sugar, yeast. Blossomed moonshine. Enormous budget deficit, caused an ecological catastrophe on the Chernobyl, the earthquake in Armenia, the shortfall was supplemented by the traditional "drunk" the money deposited in the hands of newly-minted alcohol mafia. These and other circumstances have forced the then leaders of the country in 1988 Collapse alcohol reform. Liberal economic reforms launched Gaydar in 1992, led to the fact that Russia is literally reached "bottom" in the consumption of alcohol. In 1994-1995. alcohol consumption in the country reached the highest for history of the country level – 15-18 liters per person per year. During these years, marked by an unusually high mortality in Russia. Extinct large number of individuals abusing alcohol, including those whose lives have been saved anti-alcohol campaign 80; ies. However, as in the past four centuries, the legal drug alcohol these days continues to be a means of replenishment. In many developed countries, but not in Russia, fiscal policy is given a certain truth, that no proceeds from the sale of alcohol does not cover the total damage caused by its consumption and the health of the nation's economy.